Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a valuable measurement method to gain insight into battery cells, module and packs for e-Mobility applications. In this presentation, we will • Review the benefits of applying EIS at all stages of battery storage: materials, cells, modules, and packs • Compare EIS to ACIR (AC internal resistance measurement) • Highlight the critical requirements for cell/battery EIS: Measurement of impedance levels as low as tens of µOhms over a broad frequency range from mHz – 30 kHz. • Describe unique and advanced technologies that Keysight has created to improve EIS measurements: Precise low noise measurement hardware, fixture designs suitable for wide band frequency measurement, calibration and error correction • Show how EIS output data is used as input data to modeling algorithms to extract the equivalent electrical circuit parameters of the cell • Discuss EIS measurements and how they relate to State of Health (SoH) and second life applications • Share how these advances in EIS are implemented today in solutions available on the market • Provide a preview of future technologies under development to improve EIS for practical measurements at all stages in the battery storage life cycle: materials, cells, modules, and packs